- FSB Chair Klaas Knot emphasized the financial risks linked to stablecoins following Circle’s recent stock market debut.
- Stablecoins can help with global payment challenges but also introduce new risks.
- Knot stressed the need for equal regulation if stablecoins perform similar functions as banks or money market funds.
- Concerns include stablecoin reserves tied to short-term assets and the risk of market disruption if a coin collapses.
- Regulatory approaches vary by country, raising issues of oversight gaps and consumer protection.
Two days after Circle launched a successful public listing, Financial Stability Board (FSB) Chair Klaas Knot warned about the risks stablecoins may pose to the world’s financial system. He spoke at a Group of Thirty (G30) meeting, referencing growing concern about how stablecoins could affect financial stability on a global scale.
Knot explained that stablecoins—digital tokens pegged to stable assets like the U.S. dollar—can help improve cross-border payments. However, he said these digital currencies may also pose threats to the broader economy.
The FSB Chair posed a central question: “Will stablecoins replace traditional bank-based cross border payments, or will they remain a niche solution in a fragmented global payments ecosystem? While the answer is unclear, the potential risks are not.” He also mentioned that other payment options, such as faster mobile payments, tokenized deposits, and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), can address similar problems, especially if made compatible with one another.
Knot described a particular risk with how some stablecoins are backed by short-term money market instruments. He warned that if a large stablecoin failed, the forced sale (“fire sale”) of such assets could spread instability through mainstream financial markets.
“Without strict oversight, could these reserves fund riskier ventures, with stablecoins acting as conduits for leveraging the financial system? This scenario is not hypothetical. We have seen how loosely regulated financial instruments can amplify risks rather than mitigate them,” Knot said.
He repeated the regulatory concept of “same activity, same risk, same regulation,” arguing that regulating stablecoins is necessary to maintain financial stability, not to suppress innovation. Knot pointed out that, although some stablecoins are similar to traditional bank deposits or money market funds, they are not always regulated as strictly.
The FSB issued updated guidance for stablecoin supervision in 2023. Knot cautioned against “regulatory arbitrage,” where firms capitalize on differences in national oversight. “We should not allow stablecoins to exploit gaps in oversight to gain a competitive advantage or to introduce hidden risks into the financial system,” he said.
Recent regulations around the world show similarities but also major differences, such as standards for capital reserves and customer protections. Knot highlighted that some companies are already seeking out countries with weaker regulations. There are also practical challenges, such as ensuring that a stablecoin issued in several countries has consistent consumer protection, even if regulation differs.
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