- Iranian national Behrouz Parsarad faces charges for operating Nemesis, a darknet marketplace with over 150,000 users that processed 400,000 orders for drugs and illicit services.
- U.S. authorities, alongside German and Lithuanian partners, seized Nemesis servers in March 2024 after the platform had facilitated approximately $30 million in drug sales.
- Despite the shutdown, experts estimate 20-30 significant darknet drug marketplaces remain active globally, primarily in Russian and Western ecosystems.
U.S. authorities have indicted Behrouz Parsarad, an Iranian national, for establishing and operating the Nemesis darknet marketplace that facilitated illicit drug sales and cyberservices from 2021 to 2024. According to the indictment, Parsarad founded the platform in March 2021, which grew to serve over 150,000 users with approximately 1,100 vendor accounts worldwide.
Nemesis processed more than 400,000 orders during its operational period before U.S., German, and Lithuanian authorities seized its servers in March 2024. Of these transactions, about 55,000 (13.75%) involved stimulants including methamphetamine and cocaine, while 17,000 (4.25%) were for opioids such as fentanyl and heroin.
Legal Consequences and Sanctions
Matthew R. Galeotti, Head of the Justice Department’s Criminal Division, stated: "The allegations in this indictment span over four hundred thousand transactions involving fentanyl, other dangerous drugs, and a wide range of contraband made accessible on the darknet for more than three years."
Beyond drug trafficking, Parsarad faces charges for money laundering services, using cryptocurrency mixing techniques to obscure payment trails. U.S. officials placed sanctions on Parsarad in March, noting he collected a percentage from every transaction on the platform. The marketplace had processed nearly $30 million in drug sales before its shutdown, amid a backdrop where deaths from fentanyl almost tripled between 2016 and 2021 in the United States.
If convicted, Parsarad faces a mandatory minimum sentence of 10 years and potentially life imprisonment. However, as he currently resides in Iran, which lacks an extradition treaty with the U.S., he may evade prosecution. The Treasury Department has reported Parsarad has already discussed establishing a replacement marketplace.
Global Darknet Marketplace Landscape
According to Ari Redbord from blockchain intelligence firm TRM Labs, a darknet operation of Nemesis’s scale typically requires more than one individual. Speaking to Decrypt, Redbord explained that such marketplaces usually involve "administrators, moderators, escrow agents, technical developers and money laundering facilitators."
TRM Labs estimates that 20-30 significant drug-focused darknet marketplaces remain active at any given time. These fall into two major categories: Russian-language platforms and Western, English-based markets.
Russian marketplaces like Blacksprut and Kraken Market generate "substantial profits" using dead-drop delivery methods, primarily serving Russia and former Soviet regions. Western platforms such as Abacus Market and STYX Market operate more internationally through postal services and, while smaller, show greater resilience. The typical lifespan of these marketplaces is approximately 2-3 years before abandonment or shutdown.
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