- Ethereum‘s Fusaka upgrade is scheduled for Q3 or Q4 of 2025, according to Ethereum Foundation co-executive director Tomasz Kajetan Stańczak.
- The upgrade will include the controversial EVM object format (EOF) that restructures how smart contract bytecode is organized and executed.
- Many Ethereum stakeholders oppose the EOF implementation, with a significant majority of ETH holders voting against it in a recent poll.
Ethereum Foundation official Tomasz Kajetan Stańczak has announced that the network’s Fusaka hard fork is expected to launch in the third or fourth quarter of 2025. The announcement came via an April 28 post on X, where Stańczak confirmed that while the exact rollout timeline remains undecided, the upgrade is being targeted for the latter half of next year.
The Fusaka upgrade will incorporate the EVM object format (EOF) upgrade, which has sparked controversy within the Ethereum community. EOF represents a fundamental shift in how the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) handles smart contract code, introducing a structured container format for bytecode that separates code and data components.
Key Technical Changes in EOF
EOF introduces a container module structure that replaces current free-form bytecode with a more organized format. This new structure includes a header beginning with the 0xEF00 hexadecimal marker, a section table with metadata, and content sections holding code and data. The upgrade aims to improve efficiency by streamlining EVM operations.
Another significant change comes through EIP-4200, which provides alternatives to the current JUMP and JUMPI instructions. The new approach replaces these with RJUMP and RJUMPI instructions that require hardcoded destinations in the bytecode, enhancing security by preventing execution jumps to arbitrary locations.
Growing Community Opposition
Despite potential benefits, EOF faces substantial resistance from developers and stakeholders. Ethereum developer Pascal Caversaccio criticized the implementation in a March post on Ethereum Magicians, calling it "extremely complex" and arguing that its benefits could be achieved through "more piecemeal, less invasive updates."
A recent poll on ETHPulse revealed strong opposition to the upgrade, with 39 voters holding nearly 17,745 ETH opposing EOF, while only seven holders of under 300 ETH supported it. Critics argue that EOF adds unnecessary complexity, requires significant tooling upgrades that could introduce vulnerabilities, and complicates contract structures.
Some developers have advocated for a more stable EVM that allows for reliable tooling and application development. As one developer noted in the discussion thread, "A stable VM, on which people can invest in building up excellent tooling and apps with confidence, is much more valuable."
The Fusaka upgrade represents one of the most significant changes to Ethereum’s core architecture since its inception, with the community debate highlighting the challenges of evolving such a complex ecosystem.
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