- Ethereum layer-1 gas fees dropped to 0.067 Gwei amid reduced market activity in October and November 2025.
- The cost of executing common Ethereum transactions ranges from $0.04 to $0.19 due to low gas prices.
- Transaction fees peaked at 15.9 Gwei during the market crash on October 10, 2025, then declined sharply.
- After the March 2024 Ethereum Dencun upgrade, layer-1 fees decreased significantly, reducing Ethereum’s revenue by 99%.
- Low fees raise concerns about network sustainability and security, as they reduce incentives for validators and miners.
On Sunday, gas fees on the Ethereum layer-1 blockchain fell to 0.067 Gwei amidst a slowdown in cryptocurrency market activity following the significant October 2025 market crash. At current levels, swapping tokens costs approximately $0.11, non-fungible token (NFT) sales require $0.19, bridging assets to other blockchains is about $0.04, and onchain borrowing fees amount to $0.09, according to data from Etherscan.
Fees on the network recently peaked at 15.9 Gwei on October 10, the day when the market flash crash led some altcoins to lose over 90% of their value in a 24-hour period. By October 12, fees had dropped to 0.5 Gwei and remained mostly below 1 Gwei throughout October and November 2025.
The low transaction fees offer an opportunity for investors and traders to execute smart contract operations economically on Ethereum’s base layer. However, analysts warn that these extremely low fees may pose risks to the ecosystem by decreasing revenue for network validators.
Historically, during the 2021 bull market, fees on Ethereum’s base layer could exceed $150 during peak congestion periods. The March 2024 Ethereum Dencun upgrade reduced fees on layer-2 scaling solutions, which also caused layer-1 transaction fees to contract substantially. This change led to a 99% decline in revenue generated from network fees, as reported by Token Terminal.
Critics point out that such low fees challenge the financial viability of blockchain networks. Reduced income may undermine the incentives for validators or miners responsible for securing transactions. Since fees respond to user demand, the low fee environment might also suggest a decline in user activity or migration to other networks.
Ethereum’s scaling approach relies heavily on various independent layer-2 networks. While these layer-2 solutions enable improved scalability and competition with newer blockchains, they also diminish the fee revenue captured by the base layer, creating internal competition within the Ethereum ecosystem. Research from the crypto exchange Binance highlights this dynamic without specifying direct outcomes.
For more detailed information on current fee levels, see Etherscan.
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